2020年6月29日，国际学术期刊BMJ (影响因子：30.223)发表了我校首席教授李铎和美国、英国、加拿大四位学者的文章：“Health effects of vitamin and mineral supplements（维生素和矿物质补充剂对健康的影响）”，文章的关键信息是：
1.随机对照试验结果表明不支持使用维生素、矿物质及鱼油补充剂来降低非传染性疾病的风险。
2.服用补充剂的人多为老年人、女性，高教育程度和高收入群体，生活方式健康群体。
3.补充剂的服用显著减少了大多数营养素摄入不足的情况但也增加了某些营养素摄入过量的情况。
4.需要进行进一步研究，以评估补充剂对一般人口和有特定营养需求的个人(包括来自低收入和中等收入国家的人)健康的长期影响。
维生素和矿物质的使用越来越普遍。在美国，大多数服用补充剂的人都是老年人。女性补充营养素的女性要多于男性。服用补充剂与受教育程度和社会经济地位呈正相关。它还与健康的生活方式因素有关，如不吸烟或不酗酒、不超重或肥胖以及经常运动。重要的是，服用补充剂的人总体饮食质量更好。尽管大量使用补充剂，但微量营养素摄入不足在高收入国家仍然很常见，这些国家的饮食模式通常是能量丰富但营养贫乏。补充剂是否能有效降低非传染性疾病的风险仍存在争议。与观察性研究的结果相反，从随机对照试验中积累的证据并不支持补充剂对没有临床营养缺乏的健康人群降低心血管疾病、癌症或2型糖尿病风险的益处。因此，有必要继续研究一般健康人口以及有特定营养需求的个人或群体，包括生活在中低收入国家的人，食品和补充剂在促进其健康方面可能发挥的不同作用。同时，结合新研究方法，如营养遗传学和“组学”科学，将更好地为临床实践和公共卫生政策提供信息。
原文链接：https://www.bmj.com/content/369/bmj.m2511
The manuscript “Health effects of vitamin and mineral supplements” had been published on the BMJ (Impact factor 30.223) by Duo Li and colleagues In the manuscript, it had been discovered that,
1.Randomised trial evidence does not support use of vitamin, mineral, and fish oil supplements to reduce the risk of non-communicable diseases
2.People using supplements tend to be older, female, and have higher education, income, and healthier lifestyles than people who do not use them
3.Use of supplements appreciably reduces the prevalence of inadequate intake for most nutrients but also increases the prevalence of excess intake for some nutrients
4.Further research is needed to assess the long term effects of supplements on the health of the general population and in individuals with specific nutritional needs, including those from low and middle income countries
The prevalence of use has increased for some vitamin and mineral. In the US, most people who use supplement are older adults. More women than men use supplements. Supplement use correlates positively with educational and socioeconomic status. It also clusters with healthy lifestyle factors such as not being a smoker or heavy drinker, not being overweight or obese, and being physically active. Importantly, people who use supplements tend to have a better overall diet quality. Despite the high use of supplements, inadequate intakes of micronutrients are still common in high income countries, where dietary patterns are typically energy rich but nutrient poor. It remains controversial whether supplements are effective in reducing the risk of non-communicable diseases. In contrast to results of observational studies, the accumulated evidence from randomised controlled trials does not support benefits of supplements in reducing risks of cardiovascular disease, cancer, or type 2 diabetes in healthy people with no clinical nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, continuing efforts are warranted to further understand the potentially different roles of nutrients from foods versus supplements in health promotion among a generally healthy population as well as individuals or groups with specific nutritional needs, including those living in low and middle income countries. These efforts, coupled with the integration of new research approaches, such as nutrigenetics and “omics” sciences, will better inform clinical practice and public health policies.
Zhang FF, Barr SI, McNulty H, Li D, Blumberg JB. Health effects of vitamin and mineral supplements. BMJ. 2020;369:m2511. Published 2020 Jun 29. doi:10.1136/bmj.m2511
